Involving students in hands-on inquiry is important for their understanding of science as a process. Exposing students to the entire scientific method can facilitate learning skills such as data analysis, graphical presentation of outcomes, and interpretation of their results. Here, we present a simple experimental technique using model caterpillars as a resource for illustrating these core scientific activities. Caterpillar models are formed from plasticine, a nontoxic, nondrying modeling clay, and are an excellent tool for quantifying relative predation rates by birds, small mammals, and invertebrates. Lifelike surrogate larvae are glued to vegetation for short periods and retain identifiable imprints (beak, teeth, mandible imprints) following predator attack. This technique is simple, inexpensive, and provides rapid and clear results, rendering it a highly effective method of inquiry for high school students. The experiment allows students to ask questions, develop hypotheses, and conduct investigations; analyze, interpret, and present data; and construct explanations and design solutions, in alignment with the Next Generation Science Standards.
Results/Conclusions
Two schools used this experiment with their students during the past two years. Participating students gained a thorough understanding of the scientific process. Each time this experiment is run, patterns in predation will not be identical due to natural variation, giving students a chance to explore authentic data. In all circumstances, students learn about the process of designing and carrying out a scientific study. Students also learn to work collaboratively and ask deeper questions. This experiment fits into a Next Generation Science Standards framework and is a hands-on and inexpensive way to teach students about science and ecology. Teachers can easily integrate this lesson into their science classes and build upon students’ inquiry skills. For many students, this may be one of few opportunities at the high school level to investigate science “in the field” and integrate scientific practices, such as the scientific method and inquiry, in an authentic research experience.