Aquatic subsidies as nutrient vectors and drivers of terrestrial trophic cascades

Riparian ecosystems, largely disrupted by human activity, are some of the most endangered habitats on the planet. Pollution, deforestation, and alteration to river flow have led to drastic changes to aquatic food webs, nutrient cycling, and more. However, impacts to ecosystem function are not limited to the aquatic habitats and may extend far beyond apparent ecosystem boundaries to adjacent terrestrial systems via nutrient and trophic cascades. Fish are one of the many important and threatened vectors of energy connecting these systems. Understanding and protecting these linkages will prove vital in the face of continued habitat and climate change.