Plant-insect interactions are extremely diverse and can be complex, involving many species. Such interactions may be crucial in many communities, both tropical and temperate, and must be considered in conservation and restoration projects. The session will present a series of case studies, from both tropical and temperate systems, in which conservation and restoration efforts focus on diverse biotic interactions. We will attempt to synthesize the salient challenges for process-based conservation and restoration efforts, compare tropical and temperate systems, and discuss the promising avenues for work in this area.