2022 ESA Annual Meeting (August 14 - 19)

COS 132-1 Environmental DNA survey captures patterns of fish and invertebrate diversity across a tropical seascape

8:00 AM-8:15 AM
515C
Bryan N. Nguyen, National Museum of Natural History;Elaine W. Shen,University of Rhode Island;Janina Seemann,Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute;Adrienne M. Correa,Rice University;James L. O'Donnell,University of Washington;Andrew H. Altieri,University of Florida;Nancy Knowlton,National Museum of Natural History;Keith A. Crandall,Computational Biology Institute, The George Washington University;Scott P. Egan,Rice University;W. Owen McMillan,Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute;Matthieu Leray,Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute;
Background/Question/Methods

Accurate, rapid, and comprehensive biodiversity assessments are critical for investigating ecological processes and supporting conservation efforts. Environmental DNA (eDNA) surveys show promise as a way to effectively characterize fine-scale patterns of community composition. We tested whether a single PCR metabarcoding survey of eDNA in seawater using a broad metazoan Cytochrome oxidase I primer could identify differences in community composition between five adjacent habitats at 19 sites across a tropical Caribbean bay in Panama. We paired this effort with visual fish surveys to compare methods for a conspicuous taxonomic group.

Results/Conclusions

Environmental DNA revealed a tremendous diversity of animals (8,586 operational taxonomic units), including many small taxa that would be undetected in traditional in situ surveys. Fish comprised only 0.07% of the taxa detected by a broad primer, yet included 43 fish species not observed in the visual survey. Environmental DNA revealed significant differences in fish and invertebrate community composition across adjacent habitats and areas of the bay driven in part by taxa known to be habitat-specialists or tolerant to wave action. Our results demonstrate the ability of broad eDNA surveys to identify biodiversity patterns in the ocean.