Natural History, Four-Dimensional Ecology Education and Field Environmental Philosophy

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. This heading will not appear in the final program.Formal education tends to install infrastructures, pedagogical paradigms, and universal forms of knowledge and practices that drive narrow and homogenize forms of cultural, political, and socio-economic development. Consequently, this facet of formal education represents an indirect driver for biocultural homogenization. To confront this problem, and foster biocultural conservation the Four-Dimensional Ecology Education (4DEE) and the Field Environmental Philosophy (FEP) approaches (respectively developed by the ESA in North America and the Omora Ethnobotanical Park in South America) offer complementary solutions. 4DEE emphasizes ecological sciences and natural history, while FEP focuses on integrating sciences, arts, humanities and ethics into Earth Stewardship.