Transformational seed-scapes: how do Montreal's sustainability initiatives create an ecosystem of change?

Increasingly, there is a recognition that small-scale sustainability initiatives, or "seeds", are key in promoting and testing novel ideas to navigate the future towards transformational pathways. Yet little is known in how these seed initiatives might influence place-specific transformations in practice. Using Montreal as a case-study, we present findings derived from a web-based database identifying sustainability-related seeds in Montreal that details their mandate and visions - what do they seek to transform - to their actions on the grounds - where do they work and what do they do? We identify what types of leverage points each seed is associated with (e.g. changing practices / policies / values and norms), the strategies they were employing to reach their goals and specific links to environmental sustainability (what type of ES are they managing or sustaining, if any). This scoping assessment of seed-scapes in Montreal provide initial insights into emergent transformational pathways and potential barriers and enablers for scaling up.