Often considered a “black box,” soils and processes occurring belowground are increasingly being acknowledged as major drivers of vegetation dynamics and have thus become an important research frontier in recent years. Changes in hydrological cycles, warming, and rising CO₂ levels are likely to alter soil-plant interactions and their feedbacks to ecosystem functioning. Also, ecosystem resilience to upcoming climatic stresses will largely depend on interactions between above- and belowground processes. Water and nutrient resources available to belowground compartments determine plant growth and productivity, but plants also modify these resources via production of organic material and interactions with soil micro-organisms. These processes impact soil structure, nutrient availability and the carbon and nitrogen cycles in the soil, which are all linked to and feed back to plant wellbeing and resilience to environmental stress. The goal of this organized session is to bring together expertise on the interaction of above-and belowground processes, and their impact on plant and ecosystem resilience across ecosystems and scales. Presenters will discuss how interactions between aboveground and belowground processes such as root growth and structure, soil biodiversity, soil biota processes, and root-microbiome interactions influence plant nutrient use and aboveground physiology as well as resilience to climate change from the cellular to the landscape level. Understanding the interactions between soils and vegetation, and how plant-soil interactions feed back to plant resilience under climate change could open new ways of predicting vegetation dynamics and mitigating the impacts of climate change on vegetation. With this session, we want to encourage discussion between plant physiologists, soil microbiologists, biogeochemists, and ecosystem scientists in the context of how interactions at the interface of all these fields could inform us on the future of plant ecosystems.