Scientific synthesis is recognized as a distinct mode of research critical for advancing the scientific endeavour and managing complex social and environmental problems. As a relatively new approach in science, several key elements of its success remain non-traditional yet when embraced can lead to transformational experiences and research products.
Results/Conclusions
First, the concept of transparency at all stages of the research process, coupled with free and open access to data, code, and papers, constitutes ‘open science’. Several key shifts in mindset underpin the transition to more open science, such as thinking about data stewardship rather than data ownership, embracing transparency throughout the data life-cycle and project duration, and accepting critique in public. Though foreign and perhaps frightening at first, these changes in thinking stand to benefit science by fostering collegiality and increasing access to data and findings. Second, while a wide variety of exciting advances in computing and data availability have radically increased the potential for scientific discovery, the rapid pace of these advances has challenged the research community's capacity to learn and implement the concepts and skills necessary to take full advantage of this new era of data-intensive research. As data-intensive teamwork becomes an increasingly dominant mode for producing high-impact science, institutions and individuals will be challenged to provide greater support for this research approach. Prominent needs include improved attitudes and practices about transparency and data sharing, equitable access to training for data-intensive research skills, and the adjustment of reward systems that traditionally favor highly individualistic work.